2. It discourages political participation
Japan was never colonised by Europeans
Answer:
The answer is Vinay Bhargava.
Explanation:
I got it right on my test.
In a immediate sense, the crusades had a terrible effect on some of the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants of the Middle East. During the first Crusade, for example, adherents of the two religions joined together to defend the cities of Antioch (1097 CE) and Jeruselem (1099) from European crusaders who laid siege to them. In both cases,the Christians sacked the Cities and massacared the Muslim and Jewish defenders alive
