In a bottom-up approach, managers should have a high level of controllability and a high level of involvement in budget setting.
<h3>What is a bottom-up budget approach?</h3>
- Bottom-up budgeting is a method of creating budgets that begins at the departmental level and works its way up.
- Each department within the organization must create a list of the supplies it requires, the projects it intends to complete throughout the upcoming fiscal year, and cost projections.
<h3>What is top-down and bottom-up budgeting?</h3>
- Departments must create budgets in top-down planning while adhering to the limitations imposed by senior leadership.
- Departments produce their own budget estimates and submit them to top leadership in a bottom-up budget.
- The two strategies are the two types of budgeting that are most frequently used.
<h3>What is bottom-up approach in accounting?</h3>
- Bottom-up forecasting is a technique for predicting an organization's future performance by beginning with basic company information and moving "up" to revenue.
- This strategy begins with thorough customer or product data before expanding to revenue.
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Answer:
The correct options are the third and the last:
Option # 3. In a contractual vertical marketing system the firms at different levels of production and distribution work together to achieve greater economies or sales than they would on their own.
Option #5: In an interactive vertical marketing system (VMS) the main members of a distribution channel—producer, wholesaler, and retailer—work together as a unified group in order to meet consumer needs.
Explanation:
Option # 1: In a corporate vertical marketing system or VMS, one member of the distribution channel be it a producer, a wholesaler or a retailer owns all the other members of the channel, thereby having all the elements of production and distribution channel under a single ownership so this is not the correct option.
Option # 2: In an integrated vertical marketing system or fully integrated vertical marketing system only one player manages all the activities (production and distribution), without any assistance from other channel members. So this is not the correct option.
Option # 4: In an administered vertical marketing system or co-ordinated system of distribution channel organization, the flow of products from producer to end-user is controlled by the power and size of one member of the channel system rather than by common ownership or contractual ties. So this is not the correct option.
Answer:
Improved education is the key to economic development.
Explanation:
What is development without education, then we will just go back to the Savage civilization, education is fundamental in our professional and personal life, it deals with everything. Like industrialization, cooking, economic development and everything else. So for sustainable development for a developed or developing country one needs education to become skilled and help in the development of ones country
Answer:
Combination of goods and Services
Explanation:
Product package are basicallyl used to distinguish one brand, product, service or commodity from the other.
It is mostly the totality of what differentiates most products.
A complete product package needs to have any of these(goods, services) or combination of the two if the business offers both.
