A bond having a call feature can be redeemed before maturity at the issuer's option.(option c)
<h3>What is a call feature?</h3>
A bond is a debt instrument used by firms to raise capital. Bondholders are paid interest at regular intervals and are paid the amount invested at the bond's maturity.
A call feature on a bond gives the holder of the call option the right but not the obligation to buy a bond at a prespecified price. Call options can be redeemed before its maturity. The holder of a call is bullish.
For example, if an investor buys a call on a bond with a strike price of 100. If the current price of the bond is 90. The investor has the right to buy the bond if the bond rises to at least 100.
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Earl has $310 dollars in his checking account
The traditional methods when it comes to fraud detection has proven to be quite effective for a much longer period of time compared to the machine learning techniques. This is because it supervised by a trained individual. This means that that person is in charge of manually observing transactions in an effort to discover & apprehend fraudulent behavior. Its strength right now really relies on its longevity in its application.
But with the advent of technology, more and more data are available & transactions happen with every millisecond that passes. Add to that the fact that those who commit fraud have also gotten quite sophisticated in their methods. To be able to cope with the rising need for detecting fraud in real-time, machine learning techniques or unsupervised techniques have been proven to be more useful & more effective in detecting small anomalies within large data sets.
The key components in measuring a company's operating efficiency are as follows,
- Option c - Return on total assets
- Option d - Total asset turnover
<u>Explanation:</u>
Efficiency can be defined as a measure to calculate the capability of the business to handle the existing assets and liabilities.
Return on assets (ROA): This measures the efficiency of a company's management in generating earnings from their economic resources or assets.
Total asset turnover: This ratio helps in measuring the ability of the business to generate sales from the existing assets.
In general, the following elements are assumed to be the efficiency ratios:
- Accounts payable turnover
- Accounts receivable turnover
The efficiency ratio of a bank is calculated by diving the expenses (without including interest) by revenue. That is,
![\text{Efficiency Ratio }=\frac{\text{ Expenses }}{\text{ Revenue }}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BEfficiency%20Ratio%20%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctext%7B%20Expenses%20%7D%7D%7B%5Ctext%7B%20Revenue%20%7D%7D)
This is also called as activity ratio.
Answer: $100 dollars
Explanation: business revenue refers to the income accrued from normal business activities. It also referred to as sales or turnover.
In this scenario,
Business revenue = Total Household expenditure
In this case, Total household expenditure = Amount spent on goods + Amount spent on services
Therefore,
Business revenue = $55 billion + $45 billion = $100 billion