The correct option is <u>(d) formal operational stage.
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Further explanation:
As described by Piaget, the child who solves the pendulum task and can explain the rationale is closer to the <u>formal operational stage</u> of cognitive development. This stage begins when the child is at age 12 and it lasts into adulthood.
<u>THE FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE OF THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
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The formal operational stage given by Jean Piaget’s is the fourth and the final stage in his theory of cognitive development. It starts at the stage of 12 and it lasts until adulthood. In this stage, an individual’s thinking becomes more advanced and sophisticated.
In this stage, and individual or we can say adolescent gains the ability by which he can manipulate ideas in his mind with the help of abstraction of ideas. An individual learns to solve his problems with the help of methodical and logical ways. Piaget has also given the concept of ‘hypothetical-deductive reasoning’; he says that it is important in the stage, formal operational stage of theory of cognitive development.
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Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Psychology
Topic: Theory of Cognitive Development
Keywords: cognitive, development, adulthood, sophisticated, advanced, operational, ability, adolescent