Answer:
C. Coupled reactions establish an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
Explanation:
- During cellular respiration in mitochondria, and during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, the electron transport chain requires a proton gradient to pump protons across the membrane by active transport.
- Protons flow back across the membrane by facilitated diffusion through ATP synthase, which utilizes them to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
- This process of ATP synthesis by harnessing the elctrochemicaal gradient geenrated by the diffusion of protons across the biological membrane through ATP synthase is called chemiosmosis.
Answer:
Characteristics of Fungi
Fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms.
They may be unicellular or filamentous.
They reproduce by means of spores.
Fungi exhibit the phenomenon of alternation of generation.
Fungi lack chlorophyll and hence cannot perform photosynthesis.
A solar eclipse is when the moon moves between the earth and the sun, so the moon casts a shadow on the earth
Isotonic Solutions are the best for animal cells
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