The answer is B: James Madison :) Hope this helps.
I believe the answer is: Interactionist perspective
Interactionist perspective would see that society is formed because of the interraction that different individuals made daily.
During this interraction, each individuals would try to fulfill their needs by fulfilling the needs of other individuals, which in the end would resulted in one large complex society.
Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry.
Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming
communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60%. Facing plummeting demand with few alternative sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as mining and logging suffered the most