The whale's flipper and tail flukes and fish fins are analogous structure as they have different structural formation but they perform the same function.
Flipper and tails are locomotory organs in the whale and helps the whale in propelling similarly fins in the fish assist the fish in swimming. Both the strcutures have evolved differently and are made of different materials.
I believe the answer is 2: multiple ecosystems in a biome
Hemoglobin means blood so its most likely Sickle Cell disease
This statement giving a clue that there is asexually reproduction (may be binary fission) taking place and the progenies in asexual reproduction are genetically similar to parent cell. So answer is A.
