Answer & explanation:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule made up of <u>one adenosine molecule</u> and <u>three phosphate radicals</u> (P) capable of storing small amounts of energy (from the breakdown of food) in their chemical bonds, acting as a temporary energy container.
ATP is directly linked to cell metabolic processes such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis. When cells need energy, for the sodium-potassium pump, for example, the ATP molecule breaks down.
This breakdown is made by hydrolysis (ATP breaks using water), so the bond between the phosphate group 2 and the phosphate group 3 breaks down, leaving one Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecule, which has two phosphate radicals.
At the end of the process the energy that kept the phosphate groups bound is released and used in processes such as <u>stretching and shortening of muscle fibers</u>, nerve impulses and hormonal regulation. These processes utilize the active energy released by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP - ADP conversion is the fundamental way to get energy because the cell cannot use the glucose molecule directly.
Answer and Explanation:
In a cell, the smaller the surface area in relation to its volume, the lower the rate of diffusion. The ratio of surface area to volume of an object decreases sharply with increase in its size. The materials move across the cell rapidly because the cell has a larger surface area to volume ratio thus the rate of diffusion of materials is high.
Answer:
b. by increasing the heart rate
c. by increasing the respiratory rate
Explanation:
Increased activity of skeletal muscles would require an increased supply of oxygen to these cells to sustain the muscle contraction. Muscle cells perform aerobic cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen and produce ATP molecules to be used during muscle contraction. Therefore, there is an increase in heart rate to pump sufficient blood to the skeletal muscles which in turn ensures enough supply of oxygen. Also, there will be an increase in the respiration rate to inhale the required oxygen.
The Nucleus shows the different functions