N and P limitation is strongest in aquatic ecosystems (because
light and water isn't) governed by same principles as terrestrial ecosystems radically
different environmental controls streams have been treated as "sewers of
terrestrial ecosystems" yet stream ecosystems have their own
characteristics generated by the interaction of biota with the physical and chemical
properties of the system unlike terrestrial ecosystems, nutrients
"spiral" rather than cycle. The more limiting the nutrient, the
tighter the spiral. Detritus/heterotrophs <---> autotrophs.
Eutrophication occurs mainly in ecosystems with slowly changing waters, especially in deep lakes.
In the depths of the lake, where dead algae are deposited, the aerobic bacteria that feed on them proliferate in turn, consuming more and more oxygen. However, in the absence of sufficient water circulation, which is often the case in a deep lake, the lake bottom is poorly oxygenated and the bacteria eventually deplete the oxygen in the deep water layers. They can no longer degrade all the dead organic matter and it accumulates in the sediments. The lake is said to be aging. Such a situation, when it occurs, worsens when it is hot because the solubility of oxygen in water (like that of all gases) decreases as the temperature increases.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.
Also known as the "thirst center", the hypothalamus controls the autonomic functions like hunger. It regulates temperature and it also holds the "master gland" or otherwise known as the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland controls the functions of the other endocrine glands.
