Answer:
see below
Explanation:
The government takes contractionary measures to check against rising inflation. Contractionary policies reduce liquidity in the market, thereby reducing the rate of money circulation.
<u> Four measures that may control inflation include</u>
1<u>. Increasing interest rates</u>: An increase in interest rates increases the cost of borrowing money. When the cost of money becomes expensive, firms and households reduce the borrowing rate, reducing the money supply rate. In turn, the inflation rate declines.
2. <u>Increasing reserve requirement:</u> Reserve is the proposition of customer discounts that commercial banks are expected to maintain at their custody at all times. Increasing the reserve requirement means banks will reduce lending, thereby reducing the money supply in the economy.
3. <u>The open market sells</u>: The government makes available many treasury bills and bonds for purchase in the market. It offers attractive rates that encourage banks and other institutions to buy them. Buying the treasury bills means banks will use a substantial percentage of customer deposits on treasury bills other than lending to customers. Open market sales mop up excess liquidity in the markets, reducing the rate of cash circulation.
4. <u>Reduction of government spending:</u> Government spending is a fiscal policy tool. The government is a big spender in an economy. If the level of spending is decreased, the money supply in the economy is reduced.
Answer:
The WACC before bond issuance is 3.9% and the WACC after bond issuance is 3.71%
Explanation:
In order to calculate the WACC before bond issuance
, we would have to calculate first the cost of equity using capital asset pricing model
.
So Using CAPM we have Rf + Beta x Market risk premium
=
0.5% + 0.85 * 4%
= 3.9%
. cost of equity
Therefore WACC before bond issuance = (Cost of equity x weight of equity + cost of debt (1-tax) x weight of debt)
= 3.9%
. WACC before bond issuance will be equal to cost of equity in this case as there is no debt issue.
In order to calculate the WACC after bond issuance we make the following calculation:
WACC after bond issuance = (Cost of equity x weight of equity + cost of debt (1-tax) x weight of debt)
= (3.9% x 0.9) + (2% x 0.1)
= 3.51% + 0.2%
= 3.71%
The duration of Security P based on the info given will be 11 years.
<h3>How to calculate the time?</h3>
From the information given, Security P is a preferred stock and Security Z is a zero coupon bond that has 11 years remaining until maturity.
Therefore, the duration will be:
= (1 + y)/y
= (1 + 0.1)/0.1
= 1.1/0.1
= 11 years
Learn more about security on:
brainly.com/question/25720881
#SPJ1
Answer:
According to the OECD the total expenditure of the US government, including state and local is about a 38% of the GDP.
Explanation:
The federal government expends almost the 55% of the total and the remaining 45% the state and local government.
Ok not sure but I'm gonna have to go with true. You can research online to make sure.
