because iodine is an atom and it can permeate the pores of the plastic bag.
Hi, I believe this question is asking what charge Phosphorus will have when it forms an ion. If that is the case, you will see that it based on the column it is in, neutral Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons. When it becomes an ion (has 8 valence electrons), it will GAIN three electrons. Meaning, we can predict that Phosphorus will have a 3- charge when it becomes an ion.
Rock formed by heat and pressure
This uses the concept of freezing point depression. When faced with this issue, we use the following equation:
ΔT = i·Kf·m
which translates in english to:
Change in freezing point = vant hoff factor * molal freezing point depression constant * molality of solution
Because the freezing point depression is a colligative property, it does not depend on the identity of the molecules, just the number of them.
Now, we know that molality will be constant, and Kf will be constant, so our only unknown is "i", or the van't hoff factor.
The van't hoff factor is the number of atoms that dissociate from each individual molecule. The higher the van't hoff factor, the more depressed the freezing point will be.
NaCl will dissociate into Na+ and Cl-, so it has i = 2
CaCl2 will dissociate into Ca2+ and 2 Cl-, so it has i = 3
AlBr3 will dissociate into Al3+ and 3 Br-, so it has i = 4
Therefore, AlBr3 will lower the freezing point of water the most.
