Answer: The longest side of the triangle is less than 21 cm.
Step-by-step explanation: Given that the lengths of the sides of a triangle are in the ratio 5 : 6 : 7.
We are to describe the length of the longest side if the perimeter is less than 54 cm.
The perimeter of a triangle is equal to the sum of the lengths of the three sides.
Let 5x, 6x and 7x represents the lengths of the three sides of the triangle. So, we get

Therefore, the length of the longest side is given by

Thus, the longest side of the triangle is less than 21 cm.