Question

What is meant by ion and salt

Answer 1

Answer:

Ion

Ion is a charged particle.

A neutral atom contains equal number of positive protons and negative electrons

When an electron is lost or gained the atom becomes a charged particle which is called as an ION.

For example  

Na is an atom which contains 11 electrons and 11 protons(= to atomic number)

When Na loses an electron it will have 11 positive proton and 10 negative electron and Thus, Na will become $Na^+$, a charge particle which we call it as sodium ion.

Cl is an atom which contains 17 electrons and 17 protons(= to atomic number)

When Cl loses an electron it will have 17 positive proton and 18 negative electron and Thus, Cl will become $Cl^-$, a charge particle which we call it as chloride ion.

When an ion is positively charged it is called as a cation

When an ion is negatively charged it is called as an anion.

Salt is formed when an acid reacts with a base.

The cation of the base combines with the anion of the acid to form the salt.

$Acid+Base>Salt+water$

HCl is acid and NaOH is a base forms salt NaCl and water.

$Cl^-$ is an anion of the acid and $Na^+$ is the cation of the base combines to form NaCl salt .

$H^+$and $OH^-$ combines to form $H_2 O$