The answer is (1) !!
it is one direction, from sun to produces to consumer !!
Answer:
NAD is a coenzyme found in all cells. It consists of two nucleotides linked through their phosphate groups with a nucleotide that contains an adenosine ring and another that contains nicotinamide.
Explanation:
In metabolism, NAD participates in oxidation reduction reactions. This coenzyme is found in two forms in the cells: NAD and NADH. NAD accepts electrons from other molecules and is reduced, forming NADH, which you can use as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of the NAD.
In living organisms, NAD can be synthesized from scratch from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. Some NADs are found in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), whose chemistry is similar to NAD, although it has different functions in metabolism.
Speciation is the process by which new species form. It occurs when groups in a species become reproductively isolated and diverge. In allopatric speciation, groups from an ancestral population evolve into separate species due to a period of geographical separation.
