Soil is made out of all of these things and covers almost all landmasses. Even below sand and rock there is soil.
Mass = 5 g
volume = 20 cm³
density = mass / volume
therefore:
D = m / V
D = 5 / 20
D = 0.25 g/cm³
The given formula for heat, Q=mc(Tf-Ti), is the best way to solve such problems with changes in temperature. It can be said that m is the mass of the substance. C is the specific heat of the substance. The term (Tf-Ti) is the change in temperature.
Q = mc(Tf-Ti) = 480g(0.96 J/g-C)(234-22) = 97689.6 Joules of heat
