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Dvinal [7]
3 years ago
7

Ice (H2O) melting at 273 K and 1 atm has = 6.01 kJ/mol and = 6.01 kJ/mol while water vaporizing under the same conditions has =

37.6 kJ/mol and = 40.7 kJ/mol. Why is there such a large difference between and , but not for and ?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Soloha48 [4]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

The energy required to melt a solid substance and the temperature at which the solid melts depends on the structure of the solid crystal as also on the magnitude of the intermolecular forces present in the solid.

Ice is less dense than liquid water, there are spaces in the crystal structure of ice. Secondly, the magnitude of hydrogen bonding in ice is lower due to lower intermolecular interaction between the water molecules. Given the lower intermolecular interaction in ice, the heat of fusion is much lower since the intermolecular interactions are easier to break.

In liquid water, hydrogen bonding is much stronger and there is greater intermolecular interaction between the water molecules. It takes more energy to break down these intermolecular interactions, hence the high enthalpy of vaporization of liquid water.

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For the reactions below, describe the reactor system and conditions you suggest to maximize the selectivity to make the desired
alexandr1967 [171]

Answer:

hello your question lacks the required reaction pairs below are the missing pairs

Reaction system 1 :

A + B ⇒ D  -r_{1A}  = 10exp[-8000K/T]C_{A}C_{B}

A + B ⇒ U -r_{2a} = 100exp(-1000K/T)C_{A} ^\frac{1}{2}C_{B} ^\frac{3}{2}

Reaction system 2

A + B ⇒ D  -r_{1A} = 10exp( -1000K/T)C_{A}C_{B}

B + D ⇒ U  -r_{2B} = 10^9exp(-10000 K/T) C_{B}C_{D}

Answer : reaction 1 : description of the reactor system : The desired reaction which is the first reaction possess a higher activation energy and higher temperature is required to kickstart reaction 1

condition to maximize selectivity : To maximize selectivity the concentration of reaction 1 should be higher than that of reaction 2

reaction 2 :

description of reactor system : The desired reaction i.e. reaction 1 has a lower activation energy and lower temperatures is required to kickstart reaction 1

condition to maximize selectivity:

to increase selectivity the concentration of D should be minimal

Explanation:

Reaction system 1 :

A + B ⇒ D  -r_{1A}  = 10exp[-8000K/T]C_{A}C_{B}

A + B ⇒ U -r_{2a} = 100exp(-1000K/T)C_{A} ^\frac{1}{2}C_{B} ^\frac{3}{2}

the selectivity of D is represented  using the relationship below

S_{DU} = \frac{-r1A}{-r2A}

hence SDu = 1/10 * \frac{exp(-800K/T)}{exp(-1000K/T)} * C_{A} ^{0.5} C_{B} ^{-0.5}

description of the reactor system : The desired reaction which is the first reaction possess a higher activation energy and higher temperature is required to kickstart reaction 1

condition to maximize selectivity : To maximize selectivity the concentration of reaction 1 should be higher than that of reaction 2

Reaction system 2

A + B ⇒ D  -r_{1A} = 10exp( -1000K/T)C_{A}C_{B}

B + D ⇒ U  -r_{2B} = 10^9exp(-10000 K/T) C_{B}C_{D}

selectivity of D

S_{DU} = \frac{-r1A}{-r2A}

hence Sdu = 1/10^7  *  \frac{exp(-1000K/T)}{exp(-10000K/T)} *\frac{C_{A} }{C_{D} }

description of reactor system : The desired reaction i.e. reaction 1 has a lower activation energy and lower temperatures is required to kickstart reaction 1

condition to maximize selectivity:

to increase selectivity the concentration of D should be minimal

3 0
3 years ago
What is the atomic radius <br> of mercury?
cricket20 [7]

The answer is 155 pm, hope this helps!

4 0
2 years ago
In atomic solids where the lattice points are occupied by Group 8 ( 18) atoms, the atoms are held together by __________ forces.
shtirl [24]

Answer:

London dispersion forces

Explanation:

There are different forces of attraction that helps to hold atoms or Molecules of a particular substance together. Some of the forces of attraction are ionic/ electrovalent bond, covalent bond, vander waals forces of attraction and so on.

Under the vander waals forces of attraction we have what is known as the London dispersion forces. This force of attraction is a very weak and it is commonly found in the atoms of noble gases.

The intermolecular force of attraction in which we are talking about that is london dispersion forces is formed as a result of the formation of non-polar dipoles which are not permanent.

8 0
3 years ago
A car moves at a speed of 50 kilometers/hour. Its kinetic energy is 400 joules. If the same car moves at a speed of 100 kilomete
DaniilM [7]
800 joules because it's twice the amount
7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A student needs to prepare 100. mL of 0.612 M Cu(NO3)2 solution. What mass, in grams, of copper(II) nitrate should the student u
Temka [501]

Answer: 11.5 grams

Explanation:

Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per Liter of the solution

Molarity=\frac{n\times 1000}{V_s}

where,

Morality = 0.612 M

n= moles of solute  

V_s = volume of solution in ml = 100 ml

Now put all the given values in the formula of molarity, we get

0.612=\frac{n\times 1000}{100ml}

n=0.0612moles

Mass={\text {moles of solute }}{\times {\text {molar mass}}=0.0612moles\times 187.56g/mol=11.5g

Therefore, the mass of copper (II)nitrate required is 11.5 grams

3 0
3 years ago
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