Answer:
circumference = 97.34
Step-by-step explanation:
circumference = diameter x Pi
31 x 3.14 = 97.34 inches
X - the percent of increase

The percent of increase is approximately 23.8%.
There are 5 letters in the word "prime"
Imagine we had 5 slots to fill. They are empty initially.
Slot 1 has 5 choices to pick from
Once we pick a letter, we have 4 choices left over for slot 2
Slot 3 will have 3 choices
Slot 4 will have 2 choices
Slot 5 will have 1 choice
We have this countdown: 5,4,3,2,1
which multiplies out to 5*4*3*2*1 = 120
There are 120 unique ways to arrange the letters. Order matters. Because order matters, this is a permutation.
Not sure is this is right but if the chemist wants to make the solution 35% acidic then he can use all of the 30% acid and 5% of the 45% acid.