Provide a series of synthetic steps by which 2-bromo-4-nitrobenzoic acid can be prepared from toluene.
1 answer:
The strategy adopted for for the synthesis of <span>2-bromo-4-nitrobenzoic acid is as follow,
1) First Nitration of Toluene was done because the product formed (4-Nitrotoluene) will direct the next incoming electrophile (i.e. -Br) to ortho position with respect to -CH</span>₃ (ortho para directing) and at meta position with respect to -NO₂ (meta directing).
2) Bromination gave the exact desired product as discussed in point 1.
3) At last oxidation of toluene yield benzoic acid. No other substituent is oxidized other than -CH₃ group.
1) First Nitration of Toluene was done because the product formed (4-Nitrotoluene) will direct the next incoming electrophile (i.e. -Br) to ortho position with respect to -CH</span>₃ (ortho para directing) and at meta position with respect to -NO₂ (meta directing).
2) Bromination gave the exact desired product as discussed in point 1.
3) At last oxidation of toluene yield benzoic acid. No other substituent is oxidized other than -CH₃ group.
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<u>Answer:</u> The percentage by mass of NaCl in the mixture is 38.5 %
<u>Explanation:</u>
To calculate the mass percentage of element in compound, we use the equation:
.......(1)
- <u>For NaCl:</u>
Mass of sodium element = 23 g
Mass of NaCl = 58.5 g
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
Mass fraction of sodium metal in NaCl = 0.3932
- <u>For
:</u>
Mass of sodium element = 23 g
Mass of = 85 g
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
Mass fraction of sodium metal in sodium nitrate = 0.271
Let us assume the mass fraction of NaCl in the mixture is 'x'
So, the mass fraction of in the mixture will be '(1-x)'
We are given:
Percent by mass of Na in the mixture = 31.8 %
Mass fraction of Na in the mixture = 0.318
Evaluating the mass fraction of NaCl in the mixture:
x = 0.385
Percent by mass of NaCl in the mixture will be =
Hence, the percentage by mass of NaCl in the mixture is 38.5 %