Traits are inherited trough the parents genes that are passed to the offspring trough both parents reproductive cells, that contain genes in their nucleus.
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The Euglena was green because it had chloroplasts in it, just like plants. The body structure at the base of the tail that relates to this is the photo receptor. These two enabled it to photosynthesize food like plants, but it could also take food from its surroundings like animals.
The number 1 correspond to messenger RNA.