A. Fine Focus.
B. Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and membrane
C. 30 Micrometer.
Erythrocytes are well known to have no nucleus but in fact, they lack most organelles such as the Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Hair consists of two parts the root and the hair shaft. The root is the part of the living hair located in the middle layer of the skin the dermis.
Epidermal root cells in some plants produce root hairs and tubular growths that increase the surface area of the root. Unlike other cells in the body, red blood cells do not have a nucleus. This habit dates back to when mammals began to evolve. Other vertebrates such as fish reptiles, and birds have erythrocytes that contain dormant nuclei. To allow red blood cells to carry an increased load of oxygen cells evolved to function without a nucleus and other associated organelles.
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Nicotine on direct application in humans causes irritation and burning sensation in the mouth and throat, increased salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Predominant immediate effects consist of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Nicotine also causes an increase in plasma free fatty acids, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood. There is reduced coronary blood flow but an increased skeletal muscle blood flow. The increased rate of respiration causes hypothermia, a hypercoagulable state, decreases skin temperature, and increases the blood viscosity.
For amphetamine the immediate effects are quicker reaction times, feelings of energy/wakefulness, excitement, increased attentiveness and concentration, feelings of euphoria. Side effects of amphetamines can include heart palpitations, dry mouth, headache, hostility, nausea, cognitive impairment, severe anxiety, lack of appetite, teeth grinding, dizziness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, rapid breathing rate, hypertension (high blood pressure), increased body temperature, erectile dysfunction, irregular heartbeat.
Cocaine causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug the side effects are Loss of appetite increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, contracted blood vessels increased rate of breathing, dilated pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, hyperstimulation, bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin, intense euphoria, anxiety and paranoia, depression, intense drug craving, panic and psychosis, convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
