Answer: Reproductive problems from imbalanced hormones can occur when abnormal levels of estrogen and androgen sex hormones develop, and can cause infertility and other health issues.
The plant cells communicate across cell walls through Plasmodesmata.
how do plant cells communicate across cell walls?
- Between tiny channels woven through the walls of neighboring plant cells, plant cells can communicate with one another through channels referred to as plasmodesmata.
- These channels enable chemicals to move freely between cells, allowing plants to grow regularly and form tissues and organs.
- However, plasmodesmata also act as entryways that viruses can employ to infect an increasing number of cells.
- Given these advantages and disadvantages, plants must balance the permeability of their plasmodesmata in order to move materials from one cell to another while preventing the spread of infection.
Learn more about the Plasmodesmata with the help of the following link:
brainly.com/question/6220658
#SPJ4
Answer:
A. outside plasma membrane:
1. cell wall 6. flagella
B. outside of the cell
4. fimbriae 5. pilus
C. in cytoplasm
2. nucleoid 3. ribosome
Explanation:
Bacteria is one of the three domains of cellular organisms. Bacteria are prokaryotes, cells that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelle.
The plasma membrane is the outer membrane that enclosed the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic substance. The cell wall is covering the present out of the cell membrane or plasma membrane. Flagella are attached to the plasma membrane but it is present outside of the plasma membrane.
Fimbriae and pilus are the structure present outside of the cell wall and help to attach it to other cells or any surface. Nucleoid and ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell.
Answer/Explanation:
The DNA in all living organisms is made up of 4 bases, adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine. The RNA replaces thymine with uracil, making 5 types of nucleotide. The number of nucleotide pairs in a genome can range from half a million up to 100,000 million - meaning there are an exponential number of combinations of these 4 bases.
Imagine an organism exists that has only 2 nucleotides (<u><em>this is over 200,000x smaller than even the smallest bacterial genome</em></u>). If we allow any nucleotide at each of the 2 positions, then we have 4x4 (4²) or 16 possible combinations of sequences. For a nucleotide length of 4, the total number of possible combinations are 4⁴ or 256.
Since we are dealing with many millions of nucleotides, there are essentially infinite combinations of nucleotides, giving rise to the variation that produces over 20 million organisms on the planet.
