Answer:
D) In case 1, both PS I and PS II completely lose function; in case 2, a proton gradient is still produced.
Explanation:
The light dependent reaction of photosynthesis, which produces the ATP and NADPH needed in the light independent stage of the process, includes complexes of proteins and pigments called PHOTOSYSTEMS. These photosystems (I and II) are key to the functionality of the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid.
The major pigment present in both photosystems is CHLOROPHYLL A, which absorbs light energy and transfers electrons to the reaction center. Chlorophyll B is only an accessory pigment meaning it can be done without. Hence, if all of the chlorophyll A is inactivated in the algae but leaves chlorophyll B intact as in case 1, both PS I and PS II will lose their function because Chlorophyll A is the major pigment that absorbs light energy in both photosystems.
In case 2, if PS I is inhibited and PS II is unaffected, a PROTON GRADIENT WILL STILL BE PRODUCED because the splitting of water into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) occurs in PSII. Hence, H+ ions can still be pumped into the inner membrane of the thylakoid in order to build a proton gradient even without the occurrence of PS I.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In fact, there is a Oceanic Carbon cycle! Carbon dioxide get absorbed by the ocean's surface from the atmosphere and then get converted into a dissolved inorganic compound and so on.
The best answer is A.) They can poison soil organisms, because pesticides contain chemicals that can be dangerous to plants.
Its b. Ecosystem
Population is the number of a species in an area, it has nothing to do with physical characteristics.
Abiotic is just an adjective meaning not alive
Competition is just the interactions between organisms in the struggle for food, water, space, mates, and many other things again not physical characteristics
Answer:
The polarity of membrane phospholipids
Explanation:
The inner core of membranes is made of nonpolar tails of phospholipids which in turn makes the membranes impermeable for polar, large and charged substances since these substances cannot cross the non-polar inner core. The saturated hydrocarbon tails pack tightly and make membrane less permeable while cholesterol affects the membrane permeability by interacting with non-polar tails.
Higher temperatures make the membrane more fluid and more permeable while at lower temperatures, membranes are more rigid due to tight packing of hydrocarbon tails and less permeable. The polar heads of phospholipids make the inner and outer surface of the membrane. Therefore, the polarity of phospholipids does not affect the membrane permeability.
