The answer is hydrogen bond.
Between water molecules, hydrogen bonds can be seen, which is due to the polar nature of water.
If the frequency of one allele in a population is 0.7, then the frequency of the alternate allele is 0.3.
Allele frequency is determined by dividing the number of times the allele of concern is seen in a population by the total number of copies of all the alleles at that specific genetic locus in the population.
In case all the allele occurs at the same frequencies in sperm cell and eggs cell, and gametes bond together accidentally to produce zygotes, then the Possibility that any two alleles will combine to form a particular genotype equals the product of the allele frequencies.
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Ion pump. Active transport is molceules moving from low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy. Ion pump is in a process that uses the energy of an ion to move molecules against the gradient. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are both passive transport. Bulk filtration would be endocytosis and exocytosis
The primary function of estrogens in women is development of female sexual characteristics during puberty. (Breasts, regulation of the menstrual cycle etc.)
In males estrogen helps in maturation of the sperm and maintenance of a healthy libido.
