The correct option is (A). Are found in Plasma membrane
Phospholipids are the major constituent of the plasma membrane.
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What are phospholipids' primary purposes?</h3>
- The primary component of the plasma membrane is phospholipids. They are made up of fatty acid chains joined to a glycerol or other similar backbone, just like fats.
- The glycerol backbone's third carbon is bonded to a phosphate group, hence there are only two fatty acids connected as opposed to three.
- An alcohol is added to the phosphate group to change it. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas can be found in phospholipids. While the phosphate is hydrophilic and interacts with water, the fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and keep themselves away from it.
- A membrane with a bilayer of phospholipids surrounds each cell. The phosphate group can face either the outside environment or the inside of the cell, both of which are watery, as opposed to the fatty acids of phospholipids, which face within, away from water.
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The correct answer is 'inbreeding depression'. This is when more recessive<span> traits are manifesting in the phenotype. Recessive traits can only occur in offspring if both parents contain the recessive gene, and this is much more likely under reduced genetic diversity due to inbreeding. </span>Many alleles confer a selective advantage in the heterozygous and/or homozygous-dominant state, whereas the homozygous-recessive state confers less or even no advantage.
Answer:
A mutation in Ras protein which will cause hyperactivity will eventually lead to cancer.
Explanation:
Ras protein was first discovered in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and it is a proto-oncogene product. In normal conditions, it plays an important role in cellular signalling but in case of gain of function/hyperactivity it gets converted into cellular oncogene. In several types of cancers a point mutation has been reported in Ras protein.
Just like G protein, it is also a GTPase switch protein but unlike G protein which is trimeric, it is monomeric. In the plasma membrane, it is attached with the help of lipids like prenyl or palmitoyl groups. During signal transduction pathway when it gets activated, it downstream activates MAPK pathway and causes gene expression but when it gets hyperactivated it causes over expression of genes leading to cancer.
B ecosystem. They include abiotic factors and biotic factors.
