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Sergeeva-Olga [200]
3 years ago
7

Mass spectrometer A mass spectrometer is a tool used to determine accurately the mass of individual ionized atoms or molecules,

or to separate atoms or molecules that have similar but slightly different masses. For example, you can deduce the age of a small sample of cloth from an ancient tomb, by using a mass spectrometer to determine the relative abundances of carbon-14 (whose nucleus contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons) and carbon-12 (the most common isotope, whose nucleus contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons). In organic material, the ratio of 14C to 12C depends on how old the material is, which is the basis for "carbon-14 dating." 14C is continually produced in the upper atmosphere by nuclear reactions caused by "cosmic rays" (high-energy charged particles from outer space, mainly protons), and 14C is radioactive with a half-life of 5700 years. When a cotton plant is growing, some of the CO2 it extracts from the air to build tissue contains 14C which has diffused down from the upper atmosphere. But after the cotton has been harvested there is no further intake of 14C from the air, and the cosmic rays that create 14C in the upper atmosphere can't penetrate the atmosphere and reach the cloth. So the amount of 14C in cotton cloth continually decreases with time, while the amount of non-radioactive 12C remains constant.
Carbon from the sample is ionized in the ion source at the left. The resulting singly ionized 12C+ and 14C+ ions have negligibly small initial velocities (and can be considered to be at rest). They are accelerated through the potential difference ΔV1. They then enter a region where the magnetic field has a fixed magnitude B = 0.19 T. The ions pass through electric deflection plates that are 1 cm apart and have a potential difference ΔV2 that is adjusted so that the electric deflection and the magnetic deflection cancel each other for a particular isotope: one isotope goes straight through, and the other isotope is deflected and misses the entrance to the next section of the spectrometer. The distance from the entrance to the fixed ion detector is a distance of w = 25 cm. There are controls that let you vary the accelerating potential ΔV1 and the deflection potential ΔV2 in order that only 12C+ or 14C+ ions go all the way through the system and reach the detector. You count each kind of ion for fixed times and thus determine the relative abundances. The various deflections ensure that you count only the desired type of ion for a particular setting of the two voltages.
Determine the appropriate numerical values of ΔV1 and ΔV2 for 12C. Carry out your intermediate calculations algebraically, so that you can use the algebraic results in the next part.
ΔV1 = 4 V
ΔV2 = 5 V
Determine the appropriate numerical values of ΔV1 and ΔV2 for 14C.
ΔV1 = 6 V
ΔV2 = 7 V

Physics
1 answer:
Oksana_A [137]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

For carbon 12

ΔV1 = 2265.31 V

ΔV2 = 362.5 V

For carbon 14

ΔV1 = 1941.7 V

ΔV2 = 310.67 V

Explanation:

The complete explanations are given in the attachment below. The formulae for the accelerating potential ΔV1 and ΔV2 are derived and the necessary parameters are substituted into the derived equations.

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A toy car having mass m = 1.50 kg collides inelastically with a toy train of mass M = 3.60 kg. Before the collision, the toy tra
baherus [9]

Answer:

  v_{f} = 3,126 m / s

Explanation:

In a crash exercise the moment is conserved, for this a system formed by all the bodies before and after the crash is defined, so that the forces involved have been internalized.

the car has a mass of m = 1.50 kg a speed of v1 = 4.758 m / s and the mass of the train is M = 3.60 kg and its speed v2 = 2.45 m / s

Before the crash

    p₀ = m v₁₀ + M v₂₀

After the inelastic shock

    p_{f}= m v_{1f} + M v_{2f}

    p₀ =  p_{f}

    m v₀ + M v₂₀ = m v_{1f}  + M v_{2f}

We cleared the end of the train

     M v_{2f} = m (v₁₀ - v1f) + M v₂₀

Let's calculate

     3.60 v2f = 1.50 (2.15-4.75) + 3.60 2.45

     v_{2f}  = (-3.9 + 8.82) /3.60

      v_{2f}  = 1.36 m / s

As we can see, this speed is lower than the speed of the car, so the two bodies are joined

set speed must be

      m v₁₀ + M v₂₀ = (m + M) v_{f}

      v_{f}  = (m v₁₀ + M v₂₀) / (m + M)

      v_{f}  = (1.50 4.75 + 3.60 2.45) /(1.50 + 3.60)

      v_{f} = 3,126 m / s

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Saturn has an orbital period of 29.46 years. In two or more complete sentences, explain how to calculate the average distance fr
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If the kinetic energy of a particle is doubled, by what factor has its speed increased?
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Q7) A box sliding with a velocity of 5 m/s accelerates at 2 m/s^2. How
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Answer:

The box displacement after 6 seconds is 66 meters.

Explanation:

Let suppose that velocity given in statement represents the initial velocity of the box and, likewise, the box accelerates at constant rate. Then, the displacement of the object (\Delta s), in meters, can be determined by the following expression:

\Delta s = v_{o}\cdot t+\frac{1}{2}\cdot a\cdot t^{2} (1)

Where:

v_{o} - Initial velocity, in meters per second.

t - Time, in seconds.

a - Acceleration, in meters per square second.

If we know that v_{o} = 5\,\frac{m}{s}, t = 6\,s and a = 2\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}, then the box displacement after 6 seconds is:

\Delta s = 66\,m

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