(a) The original figure is called ΔMSV, while the dilation is called ΔM'S'V'. Because we can see that M'S'V' is clearly much smaller than MSV, we know that the image is a reduction of the original.
(b) We simply need to find the ratio of one side of M'S'V' to one side of MSV. Look at M'S': the length is just 4 - (-2) = 6 (this is because it's a completely horizontal line). The length of MS is 6 - (-3) = 9.