Answer:
Tax law uncertainty.
Explanation:
The “Tax law uncertainty” is the correct answer because it can be seen in the question that Congress has disallowed the deductions for advertisement in the future tax years. Since the decisions that the government takes are confidential and only a few people are aware of the decisions before its formal announcement. So the same case is here, Jolsen had a contract of $375000 annually and it will estimate that after obtaining the tax deduction, the advertisement cost will be lower. But the changes in the tax laws result in underestimated after-tax cost by Jolsen.
The price index in year 2 is 158.7 (option a).
<h3>What is the price index?</h3>
Price index is used to measure how price change over a period of time. Price index is used to measure inflation. An example of a price index is the consumer price index. The consumer price index measures changes in the price of a basket of goods.
Price index in year 2 = ( 1 + inflation rate) x price index in year 1
(1.24) x 128 = 158.7
To learn more about price index, please check: brainly.com/question/26382640
#SPJ1
Answer:
27.2 million
Explanation:
Online sources indicate that 27.2 million small businesses were operational in 2008.
In 2008, the US and the globe experienced a financial crisis that resulted in massive job losses and reduced business income. It is also at the time that many small businesses were started. After the 2008 crisis, small businesses continued to increase and flourish in the US.
The question is incomplete. Here is the complete question:
The following annual returns for Stock E are projected over the next year for three possible states of the economy. What is the stock’s expected return and standard deviation of returns? E(R) = 8.5% ; σ = 22.70%; mean = $7.50; standard deviation = $2.50
State Prob E(R)
Boom 10% 40%
Normal 60% 20%
Recession
30% - 25%
Answer:
The expected return of the stock E(R) is 8.5%.
The standard deviation of the returns is 22.7%
Explanation:
<u>Expected return</u>
The expected return of the stock can be calculated by multiplying the stock's expected return E(R) in each state of economy by the probability of that state.
The expected return E(R) = (0.4 * 0.1) + (0.2 * 0.6) + (-0.25 * 0.3)
The expected return E(R) = 0.04 + 0.12 -0.075 = 0.085 or 8.5%
<u>Standard Deviation of returns</u>
The standard deviation is a measure of total risk. It measures the volatility of the stock's expected return. The standard deviation (SD) of a stock's return can be calculated by using the following formula:
SD = √(rA - E(R))² * (pA) + (rB - E(R))² * (pB) + ... + (rN - E(R))² * (pN)
Where,
- rA, rB to rN is the return under event A, B to N.
- pA, pB to pN is the probability of these events to occur
- E(R) is the expected return of the stock
Here, the events are the state of economy.
So, SD = √(0.4 - 0.085)² * (0.1) + (0.2 - 0.085)² * (0.6) + (-0.25 - 0.085)² * (0.3)
SD = 0.22699 or 22.699% rounded off to 22.70%
<span>Bartering can be more time-consuming than trading with money.
Hope it helps.
</span>
