Enough hate to cause an extremely low pressure field around the water so it evaporates BELOW it's normal boiling point.
The angle between the transmission axes of the polarizers if it is desired that one-tenth of the incident intensity be transmitted, ∝ = 63.435°
We'll assume that
represents the incident light's intensity. Two polarizers are provided to us, but the first polarizer's angle is not disclosed. The incident light in situations like this needs to be unpolarized. This is due to the fact that, regardless of angle, the transmitted intensity via the polarizer is reduced by half for unpolarized light:

Then,

By using Malu's law,

That is,

In terms of
, we get


Now the angle is,

cos ∝ = 0.44721

Then, ∝ = 63.435°
This angle is measured with respect to the first polarizer angle.
Learn more about the polarizers here: brainly.com/question/13008007
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The circular path that the car is following reveals the presence
of a net force acting on the car.
If there were no net force, pointing toward the center of the circular
path, the car would travel in a straight line.
Kinetic energy formula: Ek = m · v² / 2
We have: m= 3 kg, v= ?
h= g·t²/2 , t²= 2h/g = 2 m / 9.81 m/s² = 0.2 s² , t=√0.2(sqrt)= 0.45 s
v= g· t = 9.81 m/s² · 0.45 s = 4.43 m/s
Finally: Ek=

=
29.43 J
Answer:
2200000 = 2.2E6 min for light from Proxima to reach earth
8.3 min from light sun to reach earth
2.2E6/8.3 = 2.56E5 times for light from Proxima
Proxima is about 256,000 times farther away than the sun
Since the sun is about 93,000,000 = 9.3E7 miles from earth
Proxima is then 9.3E7 * 2.56E5 = 2.4E13 miles away
Note - the speed of light is
3.00E8 m/s * 60 s/min / 1000 m/km = 1.8E7 km/min as given