Harriet Tubman was an African American slave. She first risked her life when she developed the "Underground Railroad", which was a secret system that she created in order to help fugitive slaves escape. The second way that she risked her life was becoming a nurse during the Civil War.
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Some believed that the Constitution did not give the new federal government the ability to restrict inherent rights, so no list of those rights was necessary. Others worried that if the rights were listed, they would invariably forget some and the list would ever be incomplete. Finally, the argument was that the states each had their own constitutions, too, and that rights were best protected at a state level.