To know the electrostatic force between two charges or between two ions, you can use the Coulomb's Law. The equation is F = k*q1*q1/r^2, where F is the electrostatic force, q1 and q2 are the charger for Na and Cl, and r is the distance between the centers of both atoms. In literature, the distance is 0.5 nm or 0.5 x 10^-9 meters. The charge for Na+ and Cl- is the same magnitude but different in sign. Since Na+ is a cation, its charge is +1.603x10^-19 C (the charge of an electron). For Cl- being an anion, its charge is -1.603x10^-19 C. The constant k is an empirical value equal to 9x10^9. Using the formula:
F = (9x10^9)(+1.603x10^-19)(-1.603x10^-19)/(0.5 x 10^-9)^2
F = -9.25 x 10^-10 Newtons
The negative denotes that the net force is more towards the Cl- ion.
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lanation:
Answer:
Atoms in the same group share the same amount of valence electrons and reactivity. Atoms in the same period, share energy levels.
Explanation:
A low pressure system has lower pressure at its center than the areas around it. Winds blow towards the low pressure, and the air rises in the atmosphere where they meet. As the air rises, the water vapor within it condenses, forming clouds and often precipitation.
<u>Explanation</u>:
- Wind flow towards the low pressure and the air rises in the atmosphere. As the air increases, the water vapor within it solidifies, forming clouds and undergo precipitation. Low pressure formed in the center areas.
- The atmospheric circulations of air up and down in a low-pressure area remove a small amount of atmosphere. This usually happens between warm and cold air masses by flowing air which tries to reduce the contrast of temperature.
Answer:
c) Seasonal migration
Explanation:
Because A, B and C are all examples of structural adaptations. And seasonal migration is not something that is in an animals structure but is instinct.
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