The concept of emotional labor was given by sociologist Arlie Hochschild. In the emotional labor process, the employee display organized desired emotion and manage his or her feeling and expression to fulfill the responsibility of the job and create a state of mind in his or her client.
So here when an airline flight attendant displays organizationally desired emotions when interacting with passengers than it shows that the airline flight attendant is following emotional labor.
Unfortunately, people with lower self esteem are more likely to abuse drugs than the rest of their peers... They don't feel worthy and feel useless to the world.. So the answer is d.
