Answer: They inhibit the development of new neurons in the hippocampus.
Explanation:
Elevated levels of stress hormones may lead to mood disorders when there is a development of new neurons in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is a section of the brain structure which is deep into a temporal lobe. It's observed to get damaged easily by stimuli when affected by psychiatric disorders.
I believe the answer is: Primary
For example, let's say take a look at normal employees at a company.
For most of them, the main reason they spend their time to do the job correctly is to obtain money/salary even though they have to spend their time being scolded by unlikable boss.
In the scenario above, we can say that money is the primary reinforcer for the target behavior
Both presidents at the time were republican
B. measuring is the answer because you need to know how to measure
