1)The approximate length of a adult rat’s small intestine can reach 80 centimeters long.
2)The small intestine
is so large compared with other organs because it is where most digestion (macromolecules of food are
broken down into nutrients) and absorption of nutrients occur. With more area of surface in the organ the more
digestion can occur.
3) Caecum is a part of the colon that contains a lot of bacteria that aid in digestion of plant material. In rats the cecum is larger than human's becausethey eat more seeds and grains.
This lead us to believe that rats are more herbivores than carnivores.
4) function of colon: Colon extracts water and electrolytes from solid wastes before they are eliminated. It's also where bacteria ferment unabsorbed material occurs and from that they can produce vitamins important for our body, such Vitamin K.
5) if the cecum is large it means the rat is herbivore because they host a lot of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of cellulose; If the cecum is small the rat is carnivore, since their diets contain little or none of plant material and the cecum is often partially or wholly replaced by the appendix.
Answer: The change in the structure of the genes or change in the DNA sequence is called mutation. The mutations are of different types that are deletion, rearrangement, insertion and others.
Explanation:
Mutation in which the one to several nucleotides get changed at a point is called point mutation. The point mutation can be in the form of deletion, substitution, and insertion. Deletion will involve the removal of nucleotide that involves the change in the sequence of DNA. When the nucleotide is added to the genome it is called insertion. In deletion and insertion the whole sequence of nucleotides from the point of mutation get displaced this affect the codons in the amino acid sequence which is responsible for protein synthesis so the functioning of the body may get affected by such mutations.
In the case of substitution the new nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence and the one which was already present at that place is removed. So, only one amino acid in the sequence will change so the polypeptide structure will not be affected.
Any infectious diseases can be prevented by vaccinations
<u>Explanation:</u>
- Vaccines defend against infectious diseases that cause severe illness and seldom death.
- It prevents disease in somebody who receives them and protects those who get into contact with unvaccinated individuals.
- Vaccines include the corresponding antigens or parts of it that cause illnesses, but the antigens in vaccines are either destroyed or incapacitated.
- When they are introduced into fatty tissue or muscle, vaccine antigens are not powerful enough to generate the symptoms and signs of the disease but are tough enough for the immune system to build antibodies against them.
In a chemical reaction, the atoms and molecules that interact with each other are called reactants. ... No new atoms are created, and no atoms are destroyed. In a chemical reaction, reactants contact each other, bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds to make the products.
