James Buchanan .............
Henry VIII started the process of creating the Church of England after his split with the Pope in the 1530s. Henry was anxious to ensure a male heir after his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, had borne him only a daughter. He wanted his marriage annulled in order to remarry. In 1534 after several attempts to persuade the Pope to grant an annulment, Henry passed the Act of Succession and then the Act of Supremacy. These recognised that the King was "the only supreme head of the Church of England called Anglicana Ecclesia". Henry adopted the title given to him by the Pope in 1521, that of Defender of the Faith.
The guilds, banks, and money systems, which began in Medieval Europe, <span>were the start of modern market economies and trade unions.
Before them, there were no real market economies or unions - the guilds were the first type of a union of traders who wanted to unite and fight for their rights together.
</span>
Answer:
The development of the military-industrial complex after World War II and its continued accumulation in reaction to questions regarding the military prowess of the Soviet Union became part of the influence of the Cold War. This has resulted in dramatic amounts of technical advancement, contributing to massive increases in GDP.
Competition with the Soviet Union has resulted in unparalleled levels of expenditure in education, especially in mathematics and science. The mixture of returned veterans attending university under the GI Bill and recent STEM education investments reacting to the "Sputnik moment" led to the creation of a very highly trained population in the United States.
Cold War hysteria led to McCarthyism, which was a major attack on civil liberties. In an imperialistic attempt to fight Soviet power internationally, it also contributed to interference in the affairs of several other nations. The increase in participation in foreign wars and environmentally damaging factories contributed to the creation of protest campaigns protesting foreign wars and seeking environmental regulation increased.
