<span>If local shell gasoline stations look at bp stations' prices as the primary method of determining its own prices, shell is using</span> competition-based pricing.
In this we considers costs have not much value and consider to be less important than competitor's prices, means competitor's price is important.
I’m going to go with b. Will be considered in the decision making process.
I looked up the definition of criterion and it means a principle or standard which maybe judged or decided. It’s not the ONLY thing that’s required.
The federal government has accounted for between two-thirds and three-quarters of all government spending since World War II. Since the end of the Korean War in the early 1950s, the federal government's purchases of goods and services as a percentage of GDP have been falling.
Automatic increases and decreases in government expenditure and taxation that follow the economic cycle. The majority of government spending in the United States took place at the state and municipal levels up to the Great Depression of the 1930s.
The federal government has accounted for between two-thirds and three-quarters of all government spending since World War II. Federal Expenditures and Purchases as a Percentage of GDP, 1950–2008.
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Answer:
The average expected rate of return on the market portfolio is 10 percent.
Explanation:
The CAPM (fixed asset pricing) model describes the relationship between systematic risk and expected return on assets, especially stocks. CAPM is widely used throughout the financial community to value high-risk securities and achieve the expected returns on assets when taking into account the risk of those assets and the cost of capital.
The formula for calculating the expected return on an asset taking into account its risk is as follows:
ERi = Rf + βi (ERm - Rf)
where:
ERi = expected return on investment
Rf = risk-free interest rate = 4 percent.
βi = beta inversion =1.0
(ERm −Rf) = market risk premium = 6 percent.
ERi = 4 + 1 ×(6) =10
The average expected rate of return on the market portfolio is 10 percent.
