Answer:the spectre of communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Tsar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police-spies.
Explanation:
Answer: Damascus and Baghdad.
Explanation:
During the Middle Ages, they were the most essential two centers of the Arab world. According to many historians, between the seventh and the tenth centuries, they were the largest and most developed centers of the world. A high culture and civilization developed in these cities. The development of science and the arts that were among the major segments of the development of the Arab Empire was impressive. The Abbasids moved the 750th capital of the empire from Damascus to Baghdad, which thus became the center of Islamic culture and science.
Under the leadership of Abbasid, Islamic civilization inherited and assimilated the traditions and achievements of many cultures. An incredibly rich culture flourished in the cities, with Baghdad, Cordoba leading, and Cairo. The rise of Islamic civilization was attended by all the nations that are lived under the rule of Islam, including Jews and Christians. Later, the capital was moved to Baghdad and destroyed by the Mongols. Because these were the two largest cities, the most significant number of people lived in them.
Africa has a population of roughly 1.02 billion[3] and a surface of 30,221,532 km². Industrialization started marginally in the early 20th century in the colonies of the European nations, namely Portugal, Belgium, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The continent's various wars for independence brought on the violent and disruptive division of Africa. Africa, being a major source of raw materials, saw the colonial powers vie for influence among the newly independent nations, with former colonial powers establishing special relations with their former colonies, often by offering economic aid and alliances for access to the vast resources of their former territories.
Today, the presence of diamonds, gold, silver, uranium, cobalt and large oil reserves have brought Africa to the forefront of industrial development, with many of the world's economic powers building relations with Africa's resource rich nations.
As of 2008, the entire GDP of Africa is about $1.2 trillion.<span>[2]</span>
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Answer:
The widening channel of a river where it meets the sea, mixing fresh water and salt water
