Facts can be scientifically tested. As opinion is based on people's thoughts. Scientific theories is only theoretical and new ideas can come into play. And finally we will never know everything about what science has to offer.
Answer:
ISOTOPES
the same number of protons
but difference numbers of neutrons
IONS
because they have lost or gained one or more electrons
The capital letter is your dominant allele and the lowercase letter is your recessive allele.
For complete dominance, if you have a homozygous dominant genotype (aka two capital letters) or a heterozygous genotype (aka one capital, one lowercase), the dominant phenotype will show.
On the other hand, if you have a homozygous recessive genotype (aka two lowercase letters), the recessive phenotype will show.
For your problems:
1) Yellow, Y, is dominant to blue, y. That means both YY and Yy genotypes will display the dominant phenotype, a yellow body.
If there was a yy genotype, then the recessive phenotype, a blue body, would show.
2) Square, S, is dominant to round, s. That means both the SS and Ss genotypes will display the dominant phenotype, a square shape.
If there was a ss genotype, then the recessive phenotype, a round body, would show.
I don't know if you know but there is no diagram
