In 2001, Bacillus anthracis endospores were sent in letters to various locations in the United States. The recipients of the let
ters inhaled the spores and were infected with this pathogen; five people died as a result. Which of the following statements are true about bacterial endospores? Select all that apply. A-Endospores can survive extreme heat, lack of water, radiation, and exposure to many toxic chemicals.
B-Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms form true endospores.
C-Endospores are highly durable dehydrated cells with thick cell walls.
D-Endospores have a limited lifespan.
E-Endospores are reproductive structures.
The sickle form of the hemoglobin gene is created when an adenine nucleotide is changed to a thymine. ... That single amino acid replacement in the -globin protein alters the shape and the chemistry of the hemoglobin molecule, causing it to polymerize and distort the red blood cell into the sickle shape.
