If heat is transferred from a system to its surroundings and the surroundings do work on the system, the sign of q will be <u>negative</u>, and the sign of w will be <u>positive</u>.
By convention, q is negative because energy is transmitted from the system (the gas) to the surroundings. In this instance, heat is transferred from the system to the environment, which decreases the gas' internal energy by 144 J, despite work being done on it to increase its internal energy.
Negative work, as a matter of convention, happens when a system makes changes to the environment. When a gas performs work, its volume grows and the work performed is negative ( V > 0 Delta text V>0 V>0delta, start text, V, end text, is larger than 0).
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Answer:
The correct answer is B. is difficult to implement because it is hard to tell how one decision will impact a large number of people
Explanation:
Utilitarianism refers to an ethical theory that states that the only right action is any action that leads to an increase happiness, and that any other action that leads to the opposite is wrong. Created by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), he thought that seeking happiness and pleasure were the ultimate goal of human life, and his utilitarianism sought to create a moral theory that could also serve as a guide to action.
As good as it sounds, utilitarianism comes with a number of problems, however. It's not easy to implement, because defining an universal standard of happiness it's extremely hard: what's happy for some, might be hurting others. Often times, achieving happiness it's a zero-sum game (someone wins at the expense of someone else). Also, <u>utilitarianism is difficult to implement because it is hard to tell how one decision will impact a large number of people:</u> Either you have very limited information about the scope of your decision, which leads you to take uninformed decisions, or you have way too much information, which leads you to not being able to follow utilitarian principles because you realize how increasing happiness on one side means decreasing it on another one.
Answer: Representative Democracy
Explanation:
Representative democracy which is also referred to as indirect democracy is the one in which the public chooses members as their representative who can act on their behalves in decision making. This is common in the Western democracy such as the United Kingdom. Elected official members sometimes have the authority to choose other members as representatives or choose others that can be put in certain officially positions such as a President choosing a prime minister. This is when now the president act on behalf of the public in an indirect selection .
