Do you have a list of the components?
Answer:
The correct answer is c.
Explanation:
Since the point the text is mentioning is above the equilibrium point, we know that the Demand is lower than it should be, while supply is bigger.
In order to increase the demand and lower the supply, we need to decrease the price to the equilibrium price. This will increase the demand and lower the supply making them intersect and reach the equilibrium point, a point that the invisible hand is influencing.
I hope this helps!
Answer:
Ans. The annuity that will be equivalent to the publisher´s advance would be $26.40 per year, for 9 years at 7% interest rate.
Explanation:
Hi, first, let´s bring that $500 to be paid in 9 years to present value, we need to use the following formula.

Where: r is our discount rate (7%) and n the periods from now when she will receive that $500 amount. This should look like this.

Ok, so the equivalent amount of money today of those $500 in nine years is $271.97, but the author wants $100 today so the remaining amount has to be used to find the equal annual payments to be made in order to be equivalent to re remaining balance ($171.97). We now need to use the following equation.

And we solve for "A" like this




Therefore, the equivalent amount of money of $500 in 9 years is $100 today and $26.40 every year, at the end of the year, for nine years.
Best of luck.
The existence of pre-tax cost of debt and post-tax cost of debt is due
to the acknoledgement of the tax benefit from issuing debt.There is no
tax benefit from paying divdends,so it makes no sense talking about
pre-tax,post-tax cost of equity for a firm.When you think about cash
flow to equity you can only assume that the taxes owed by the company
have already been paid.Now, the taxation over the income of the
shareholder is a whole different issue that does not take place in this
discussion,since it is not taken in consideration either in cost of
equity or cost of debt.