Answer:
The respiratory cycle converts NADH and FADH2 into reactants that the Krebs cycle requires to function. Thus, if oxygen is not present, the respiratory cycle cannot function, which shuts down the Krebs cycle. For this reason, the Krebs cycle is considered an aerobic pathway for energy production.
Explanation:
Answer:
D -- ATP synthesis when the phosphate donor is a substrate with high phosphoryl transfer potential
Explanation:
Substrate- level phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP by the transfer of phosphoryl group from a substrate with high phosphoryl group potential to the ADP molecule.
In substrate-level phosphorylation, the donor is a phosphorylated intermediate molecule with a high phosphate transfer potential and it is a way through which phosphate in introduced into a molecule, the other two ways are oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. In substrate-level phosphorylation, a PO4^2- is transferred from a phosphate intermediate (substrate) to ADP to form ATP. Phosphorylase and kinases are enzymes involved in this reaction. An example is the reaction in glycolysis which involves phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to form Pyruvate and ATP. This is to ensure adequate supply of energy to cells and also during anoxia so as not to make mitochodria strain the glycolytic ATP reserves.
Answer:
Presence of chlorophyll pigment in the leaves and cell walls were made of cellulose
Explanation:
The first plants that appeared on the land areas were comprised of the main component known as the cellulose that forms the cell wall of the plants and is responsible for making the various parts of plants such as branches, plant stems, and leaves, stronger and supportive.
In addition to this, the leaves of these primitive plants were comprised of green pigments known as chlorophyll that absorbs the sunlight and CO₂, and helps the plants in preparing the food for themselves as well as for the consumers, and also liberates oxygen (O₂) with it.
Thus, these are the two common characteristics that supported the idea that the primitive land plants had a relation with the green algae.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Calcium
Calcium helps build and maintain bones.