The type of primary election most conducive to strong political parties is the closed primary.
Sally Kristen Ride, she joined NASA in 1978 and became the first American woman in space in 1983.
The answer is: B. <span>negative reinforcer; positive reinforcer
Negative reinforcer refers to the type of stimulus that act as a punishment that discourage an individual from making a certain response/action.
Positive reinforcer on the other hand is a type of stimulus that act as a reward that encourage an individual to do a certain action.</span>
This is a question that refers to philosophical utilitarianism.
It is the search for the maximum happiness and pleasure, with the least possible suffering, but with an implicit moral question. When we are led to the feeling of pain or pleasure, we determine the way forward and know what is right or wrong.
In this way, it is possible that we are facing a moral dilemma. In our quest for happiness or minimizing our pain, our actions can impact others. That is, utilitarianism is essentially a teleological and consequentialist theory. Therefore, we must seek the impartial maximization of the happiness of all affected by our attitudes, regardless of the affective ties.
