The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only certain substances to pass through. Passive transport is a way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without input of energy by the cell. The three main kinds of passive transport are diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
Option three should be correct
Since Matt has never taken piano lessons but plays like a professional pianist, everyone assumes he acquired the skill through osmosis.
common descent means the evolutionary in biology and how they have something linked with their common ancestors.