I cannot found the exercise anywhere, so I will just explain how the toxin works.
A toxin is a toxic substance made by a living organism such as a bacterium, a fungus, a plant or an animal.
Labil toxins are toxins which are by easily degraded. among these toxins, there is the toxin of Escherichia coli and the cholera toxin of <span>Vibrio cholerea.
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The intracellular target of cholera toxin is adenylate cyclase, one of the most important eukaryotic cell regulatory systems. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of ATP into a cyclic AMP (cAMP), a crucial intracellular messenger in a wide variety of cellular processes.
Cholera toxin catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) to a specific arginine residue of the Gsa protein, resulting in the activation of adenylate cyclase and consequently the increase of the intracellular level cAMP. AMPc activates a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which leads to phosphorylation of the protein, modification of ion transport and finally diarrhea.
A cell membrane is semi permeable. It has no other function
Answer:
Small Shrubs
Explanation:
They Give off energy that makes them dominate the coniferous forest biome
Answer: The genotype of the generation resulting from the given P ( parental generation) is Aa that is all offsprings in the first generation will be heterozygous dominant.
The genotype of the parents is AA and aa and the gametes produced by these parents are A and a respectively.
When these gametes fuse, they result in the offsprings with genotype Aa. This represents a dominant phenotype due to the presence of dominant gene ( a gene that masks the expression of recessive gene and expresses itself), which is A in this case.
