Insolation is the amount of solar radiation received by a given area. The Sun is always low on the horizon. The low Sun angle makes the beam of solar radiation to travel a longer distance from upper troposphere to reach earth's surface as compared to when it is directly overhead. In this case, the radiations are scattered and reflected more by the atmosphere and spread over a larger area. Thus, the intensity of solar radiation is very less at polar regions than near the equatorial region. This is the reason of very cold climates at polar regions.

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A series circuit has a capacitor of 0.25 × 10−6 F, a resistor of 5 × 103 Ω, and an inductor of 1 H. The initial charge on the ca

svetoff [14.1K]

Answer:

$q=10^{-6}(e^{-4000t}-4e^{-1000t}+3)C$

Explanation:

Given that $L=1H, R=5000\Omega, \ C=0.25\times10^{-6}F, \ \ E(t)=12V$ , we use Kirchhoff's 2nd Law to determine the sum of voltage drop as:

$E(t)=\sum{Voltage \ Drop}\\\\L\frac{d^2q}{dt^2}+R\frac{dq}{dt}+\frac{1}{C}q=E(t)\\\\\\\frac{d^2q}{dt^2}+5000\frac{dq}{dt}+\frac{1}{0.25\times10^{-6}}q=12\\\\\frac{d^2q}{dt^2}+5000\frac{dq}{dt}+4000000q=12\\\\m^2+5000m+4000000=0\\\\(m+4000)(m+1000)=0\\\\m=-4000 \ or \ m=-1000\\\\q_c=c_1e^{-4000t}+c_2e^{-1000t}$

#To find the particular solution:

$Q(t)=A,\ Q\prime(t)=0,Q\prime \prime(t)=0\\\\0+0+4000000A=12\\\\A=3\times10^{-6}\\\\Q(t)=3\times10^{-6},\\\\q=q_c+Q(t)\\\\q=c_1e^{-4000t}+c_2e^{-1000t}+3\times10^{-6}\\\\q\prime=-4000c_1e^{-4000t}-1000c_2e^{-1000t}\\q\prime(0)=0\\\\-4000c_1-1000c_2=0\\c_1+c_2+3\times10^{-6}=0\\\\#solving \ simultaneously\\\\c_1=10^{-6},c_2=-4\times10^{-6}\\\\q=10^{-6}e^{-4000t}-4\times10^{-6}e^{-1000t}+3\times10^{-6}\\\\q=10^{-6}(e^{-4000t}-4e^{-1000t}+3)C$

Hence the charge at any time, t is $q=10^{-6}(e^{-4000t}-4e^{-1000t}+3)C$

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The peak luminosity of a white dwarf supernova is around 1010 Lsun, and it remains brighter than 108 Lsun for about 150 days. In

Airida [17]

Answer:

Explanation: find the attached solution below

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