1. Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine atoms all seem pretty similar, at first. How many valence electrons does an atom of each have?
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Any buffer exists in this equilibrium
HA <=>
In a buffer, there is a large reservoir of both the undissociated acid (HA) and its conjugate base (
)
When a strong acid is added, it reacts with the large reservoir of the conjugate base () forming a salt and water. Since this large reservoir of the conjugate base is used, the ph does not alter drastically, but instead resist the pH change.
HA <=>
In a buffer, there is a large reservoir of both the undissociated acid (HA) and its conjugate base (
When a strong acid is added, it reacts with the large reservoir of the conjugate base (
