Explanation:
Suppose you want to shine a flashlight beam down a long, straight hallway. Just point the beam straight down the hallway -- light travels in straight lines, so it is no problem. What if the hallway has a bend in it? You could place a mirror at the bend to reflect the light beam around the corner. What if the hallway is very winding with multiple bends? You might line the walls with mirrors and angle the beam so that it bounces from side-to-side all along the hallway. This is exactly what happens in an optical fiber.
The light in a fiber-optic cable travels through the core (hallway) by constantly bouncing from the cladding (mirror-lined walls), a principle called total internal reflection. Because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light wave can travel great distances.
However, some of the light signal degrades within the fiber, mostly due to impurities in the glass. The extent that the signal degrades depends on the purity of the glass and the wavelength of the transmitted light (for example, 850 nm = 60 to 75 percent/km; 1,300 nm = 50 to 60 percent/km; 1,550 nm is greater than 50 percent/km). Some premium optical fibers show much less signal degradation -- less than 10 percent/km at 1,550 nm.
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Answer:
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Because the elevator moves at a constant speed, it's in equilibrium and the net force acting on it is zero. Then the tension in the cable exactly equals the magnitude of the elevator's weight, which is
(3000 kg) (9.80 m/s²) = 29,400 N
<span>For this example, the value presented would be considered a statistic. The value is a statistic as it represents a numerical measurement of a sample. If it were a parameter, it would need to represent a numerical measurement of a population.</span>
The reason why icebergs float in the ocean has to do with temperature. Icebergs are colder than the ocean water and therefore the cold water is less dense than the warm water and this causes the Iceberg to float.