Question

Which researcher found that boys in the lower working class who are frustrated with their positions in life often join delinquent subcultures that reject middle-class values and replace them with norms that celebrate defiance?

Answer 1

The correct answer is Emile Durkheim

Durkheim determines the social fact as the central object of investigation in this new scientific field. The social fact is understood as a “thing” that exerts a force of coercion on the subjects, regardless of their individual will or action. The social fact imposes itself in the direction of society for the individual and is established in a way to homogenize and standardize particular behaviors, ensuring that they are collective. Purposely, Durkheim calls the social fact a “thing” to emphasize that it is an object in the scientific sense, that is, something that can be observed, defined and explained by the social scientist.