The mechanisms of reproductive isolation prevent the reproduction of two individuals from different species. The prezygotic mechanisms disrupt the stages of reproduction before the forming of the zygote or prevent the mating at the start, and the postzygotic mechanisms affect the stages of reproduction after the forming of the zygote.
So, the first and the third example (the urchins and the grasshoppers) show the prezygotic mechanism, as the two individuals are not able to mate or form a zygote.
The second and the fourth example ( zonkey and the death of a zygote) show the working of the postzygotic mechanisms, as the zygote is formed, but it seems to be inviable, and the zonkeys are sterile, preventing the individual to reproduce.
Explanation:
Iodophor -
Iodophor is a complex of iodine , with solubilizing agents , such as the povidone , surfactant .
And forms a water - soluble material which can release free iodine in the solution phase .
Dilute form of iodophor is used by winemakers and brewers to sanitize their equipment and bottles .
The major advantage of iodophor over other is that , it increases the stability of iodine .
Answer:
Aldehydes have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and sporicidal activity. These are helpful to destroy the spores of Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium sporogenes. Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde are commonly used aldehydes in disinfectants.
Quaternary ammonium compounds work by denaturing the proteins of the bacterial or fungal cell, affecting the metabolic reactions of the cell and causing vital substances to leak out of the cell, causing death.
Darwin concluded that the sea level was high were it reached the mountain and as times passed sea level lowers down and clams were still on the mountain so when they died they were fossilized in the mountains. Hope this helps
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