Question

What is the relationship between mass and momentum? Be specific as you describe the relationship between mass and linear momentum as well as how mass affects the moment of inertia in angular momentum.

Answer 1

Momentum is proportional to mass.

This is the more the mass the higher the momentum.

Linear momentum, p  = mass * velocity, so you can see the direct relation: at constant velocity if the mass is duplicted the linear momentum is duplicated.

Angular momentum, L = moment of inertia * angular velocity.

So the moment of inertia is to the angular momentum as mass is to the llinear momentum.

Moment of inertia takes into account how the mass is distribuited around the rotation axis.